Worldwide calls grow for mediation in Ethiopia’s conflict

Hoping to increase pressure on the warring parties to end the conflict in Ethiopia’s Tigray region, dozens of African scholars and activists around the world took the unusual step of publishing an open letter calling for a negotiated peace.

“Ethiopia is on the precipice,” the letter reads, after condemning “the fact that the conflict is affecting ever-increasing numbers of civilians,” in a war more and more characterized by human rights violations.

Mamadou Diouf, cosignatory of the letter and professor of African Studies at the Columbia University in the US, told DW that “the inability to prevent this conflict is a failure of Africa as a whole.”

The pan-African call for peace left no doubt about the increasing consternation over a war now entering its ninth month with no solution in sight.

“The conflict in Tigray is deeply concerning to many African countries,” Hassan Khannenje pointed out.

The director of the Kenya-based HORN International Institute for Strategic Studies went on to enumerate several reasons, including the facts that Addis Ababa is the headquarters of the African Union (AU) and Ethiopia is the second largest country in Africa in terms of population.

‘A refugee crisis like the world has never seen’

“But, critically, it is one of the anchor states in the Horn of Africa,” meaning that any instability there is bound to have implications for the whole continent, the analyst told DW.

This is especially true for neighbors Somalia and Kenya, both of which share a long border with Ethiopia. Crucially, Addis Ababa has already withdrawn troops that were helping to fight the al-Shabaab terrorists in Somalia.

“For Kenya, there’s a high risk of an influx of refugees to a level that would probably be unsustainable,” said Khannenje, warning that a potential disintegration of Ethiopia will mean that “the world is going to see a refugee crisis like no other we have witnessed in recent history.”

Increasingly isolated from his allies in the West, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed is seeking support among African countries. On Sunday he met with Rwandan Preisdent Paul Kagame and the latter’s Ugandan counterpart Yoweri Museveni in a quick trip to Kigali and Entebbe.

Peace and mediation may not have been uppermost in Abiy’s mind, analyst Khannenje believes: “He is leaning heavily also on the region and other traditional allies to try and shore up support politically, but also, critically, to try and have access to armaments.”

Turkey’s role

Abiy has also turned for support to Turkey. President Recep Erdogan “views Ethiopia as the keystone to expanding its economic footprint in the greater East Africa region as far south as Kenya and Uganda,” researcher Michael Tanchum, of the Austrian Institute for European and Security Policy and a nonresident fellow at the Washington-based Middle East Institute, told DW.

Ankara is not only thinking about access to markets and resources: “By having a strong security relationship with both Somalia and Ethiopia, Turkey seeks to offset the strategic presence of Egypt and the UAE [United Arab Emirates] in the Horn of Africa,” Tanchum said.

The vying of outside forces for strategic advantages in the region does nor bode well, according to analyst Khannenje. While Turkey might seem a natural ally to Addis Ababa to turn to for financial assistance and military armament “it only complicates the political and security situation in the Horn of Africa.”

Already the conflict is spilling over into Sudan, at loggerheads with Addis Ababa over the construction of a Nile dam.

Like many Africans, Mamadou Diouf believes that the Tigray conflict should be solved by Africans, and especially the AU: “We cannot burden the West with our own problem. We have an increase of these situation in Africa, because our institutions are not up to their task,” he told DW.

Warring factions unwilling to end conflict

Last week the AU appointed former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo as a mediator. His chances of achieving peace do not look promising. The Tigray Liberation Front (TPLF) accused the AU of bias towards Abiy. The prime minister has repeatedly rejected appeals from high-level envoys from the AU for talks with Tigrayan leaders. He insists that the conflict is a “law and order” operation, and thus a domestic issue.

“Both fighting groups believe they may have a military solution to the conflict,” Khannenje said.

“There’s a stalemate, and this is not very helpful. If both parties aren’t assisted in recognizing that there’s no military solution to what is, essentially, a political problem, it’s going to be a challenge.”

African countries, supported by Russia and China, have so far kept the issue from being taken up by the UN Security Council.

But if a major catastrophe is to be prevented, the world must increase pressure on the warring factions, Khannenje said. If needs be, the international community should resort to coercive measures like sanctions: “In the absence of that added pressure, it’s going to be difficult and the conflict will prolong probably for many months or even years to come,” he said.

Georges Ibrahim Tounkara contributed to this article